May 11 – John Bellingham assassinates British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval, in the lobby of the British House of Commons.April 30 – Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S.April 8 – The capital of Finland is moved from Turku to Helsinki, when Russia's Tsar Alexander I signs an edict moving the Government Council of the Grand Duchy of Finland.President James Madison enacts a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom. The 1812 Caracas earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela.In the United States, the Boston Gazette prints a political cartoon coining the term Gerrymander, after former Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry's approval (on February 11) of legislation creating oddly shaped electoral districts, designed to help incumbents win re-election.
March 19 – The Cortes of Cádiz creates the first modern Spanish constitution.March 16– April 6 – Siege of Badajoz ( Peninsular War): The Anglo-Portuguese Army, under the Earl of Wellington, besieges Badajoz, Spain and forces the surrender of the French garrison.March 15 – Luddites attack the wool-processing factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire.March 14 – Prussia and Austria sign the Treaty of Paris.February 24 – Prussia and France sign the Treaty of Paris.English poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the British House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against industrialism, in his home county of Nottinghamshire.Argentine War of Independence: Manuel Belgrano raises the Flag of Argentina (which he designed) in the city of Rosario, for the first time.February 13 – The first Chilean newspaper Aurora de Chile deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government.
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